docker 命令是最常使用的docker 客户端命令，其后面可以加不同的参数以实现不同的功能
docker 命令格式
docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND COMMAND分为 Management Commands #指定管理的资源对象类型,较新的命令用法,将命令按资源类型进行分类,方便使用Commands #对不同资源操作的命令不分类,使用容易产生混乱docker 命令有很多子命令，可以用下面方法查看帮助
#docker 命令帮助man docker docker docker --help#docker 子命令帮助man docker-COMMAND docker COMMAND --helproot@rocky8 ~]$ docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 19.03.15 API version: 1.40 Go version: go1.13.15 Git commit: 99e3ed8919 Built: Sat Jan 30 03:16:44 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: falseServer: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 19.03.15 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.13.15 Git commit: 99e3ed8919 Built: Sat Jan 30 03:15:19 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.6.15 GitCommit: 5b842e528e99d4d4c1686467debf2bd4b88ecd86 runc: Version: 1.1.4 GitCommit: v1.1.4-0-g5fd4c4d docker-init: Version: 0.18.0 GitCommit: fec3683[root@ubuntu1804 ~]$ docker info Client: Debug Mode: false #client 端是否开启 debugServer: Containers: 2 #当前主机运行的容器总数 Running: 0 #有几个容器是正在运行的 Paused: 0 #有几个容器是暂停的 Stopped: 2 #有几个容器是停止的 Images: 4 #当前服务器的镜像数 Server Version: 19.03.5 #服务端版本 Storage Driver: overlay2 #正在使用的存储引擎 Backing Filesystem: extfs #后端文件系统，即服务器的磁盘文件系统 Supports d_type: true #是否支持 d_type Native Overlay Diff: true#是否支持差异数据存储 Logging Driver: json-file #日志类型 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs #Cgroups 类型 Plugins: #插件 Volume: local #卷 Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay # overlay 跨主机通信 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog # 日志类型 Swarm: inactive #是否支持 swarm Runtimes: runc #已安装的容器运行时 Default Runtime: runc #默认使用的容器运行时 Init Binary: docker-init #初始化容器的守护进程，即 pid 为 1 的进程 containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339 #版本 runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657 #runc 版本 init version: fec3683 #init 版本 Security Options: #安全选项 apparmor #安全模块，https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/apparmor/ seccomp #安全计算模块，即制容器操作,https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/seccomp/ Profile: default #默认的配置文件 Kernel Version: 4.15.0-29-generic #宿主机内核版本 Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS #宿主机操作系统 OSType: linux #宿主机操作系统类型 Architecture: x86_64 #宿主机架构 CPUs: 1 #宿主机 CPU 数量 Total Memory: 962MiB #宿主机总内存 Name: ubuntu1804.wang.org #宿主机 hostname ID: IZHJ:WPIN:BRMC:XQUI:VVVR:UVGK:NZBM:YQXT:JDWB:33RS:45V7:SQWJ #宿主机 ID Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker #宿主机关于docker数据的保存目录 Debug Mode: false #server 端是否开启 debug Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ #仓库路径 Labels: Experimental: false #是否测试版 Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 : #非安全的镜像仓库 Registry Mirrors: https://si7y70hh.mirror.aliyuncs.com/ #镜像仓库 Live Restore Enabled: false#是否开启活动重启 (重启docker-daemon 不关闭容器 )WARNING: No swap limit support #系统警告信息 (没有开启 swap 资源限制 )范例: 解决上述SWAP报警提示
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]# vim /etc/default/grubGRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden GRUB_TIMEOUT=2 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_ release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 swapaccount=1"#修改此行[root@ubuntu1804 ~]# update-grub[root@ubuntu1804 ~]# reboot在官方的docker 仓库中搜索指定名称的docker镜像，也会有很多三方镜像。
执行docker search命令进行搜索
格式如下:
Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM Options: -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided --format string Pretty-print search using a Go template --limit int Max number of search results (default 25) --no-trunc Don't truncate output 说明: OFFICIAL: 官方 AUTOMATED: 使用第三方docker服务来帮助编译镜像，可以在互联网上面直接拉取到镜像，减少了繁琐的编译过程范例: 选择性的查找镜像
#搜索点赞100个以上的镜像root@rocky8 ~]$ docker search --filter=stars=100 centos NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos DEPRECATED; The official build of CentOS. 7461 [OK]从 docker 仓库将镜像下载到本地，命令格式如下:
docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST] Options: -a, --all-tags Download all tagged images in the repository --disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true) --platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable -q, --quiet Suppress verbose output NAME: 是镜像名,一般的形式 仓库服务器:端口/项目名称/镜像名称 :TAG: 即版本号,如果不指定:TAG,则下载最新版镜像镜像下载保存的路径: /var/lib/docker/overlay2/镜像ID
注意: 镜像下载完成后，会自动解压缩，比官网显示的可能会大很多
docker pull rockylinux:9-minimal docker pull ubuntu:focal-20221130docker images 可以查看下载至本地的镜像
格式:
docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] docker image ls [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] #常用选项:-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs -a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) --digests Show digests --no-trunc Don't truncate output -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided --format string Pretty-print images using a Go template执行结果的显示信息说明:
REPOSITORY #镜像所属的仓库名称TAG #镜像版本号（标识符），默认为latestIMAGE ID #镜像唯一ID标识,如果ID相同,说明是同一个镜像有多个名称CREATED #镜像在仓库中被创建时间SIZE #镜像的大小Repository仓库
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由某特定的docker镜像的所有迭代版本组成的镜像仓库
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一个Registry中可以存在多个Repository
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Repository可分为“顶层仓库”和“用户仓库”
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Repository用户仓库名称一般格式为“用户名/仓库名”
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每个Repository仓库可以包含多个Tag(标签),每个标签对应一个镜像
利用docker save命令可以将从本地镜像导出为一个打包 tar文件，然后复制到其他服务器进行导入使用
格式:
docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...] Options: -o, --output string Write to a file, instead of STDOUT #说明:Docker save 使用IMAGE ID导出，在导入后的镜像没有REPOSITORY和TAG,显示为<none>常见用法:
docker save -o /path/file.tar IMAGE1 IMAGE2 ... docker save IMAGE1 IMAGE2 ... > /path/file.tar范例: 导出指定镜像
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker save alpine:latest -o alpine.tar [root@rocky8 ~]$ scp alpine.tar 10.0.0.100:范例: 导出所有镜像至不同的文件中
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker images | awk 'NR!=1{print $1,$2}'|whileread repo tag;do docker save $repo:$tag -o /opt/$repo-$tag.tar;done[root@rocky8 ~]$ ll /opt/*.tar -rw------- 1 root root 7347200 Jan 13 20:04 /opt/alpine-latest.tar -rw------- 1 root root 24064 Jan 13 20:04 /opt/hello-world-latest.tar -rw------- 1 root root 145905152 Jan 13 20:04 /opt/nginx-latest.tar -rw------- 1 root root 121435136 Jan 13 20:04 /opt/rockylinux-9-minimal.tar -rw------- 1 root root 75167744 Jan 13 20:04 /opt/ubuntu-focal-20221130.tar范例:导出所有镜像到一个打包文件
#方法1: 使用image ID导出镜像,在导入后的镜像没有REPOSITORY和TAG,显示为<none>docker save `docker images -qa` -o /opt/all.tar #方法2:将所有镜像导入到一个文件中,此方法导入后可以看REPOSITORY和TAGdocker save $(docker images | awk 'NR!=1{print $1":"$2}') -o all-tags.tar #方法3:将所有镜像导入到一个文件中,此方法导入后可以看REPOSITORY和TAGdocker save $(docker image ls --format "{{.Repository}}:{{.Tag}}") -o all-tags.tar利用docker load命令可以将镜像导出的打包或压缩文件再导入
格式:
docker load [OPTIONS] #选项-i, --input string Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN -q, --quiet Suppress the load output常见用法:
docker load -i /path/file.tar docker load < /path/file.tar范例: 镜像导入
[root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ docker load -i alpine.tar 8e012198eea1: Loading layer 7.338MB/7.338MB Loaded image: alpine:latest [root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE alpine latest 042a816809aa 3 days ago 7.05MB面试题: 将一台主机的所有镜像传到另一台主机
#方法1:将所有镜像导入到一个文件中,此方法导入后可以看REPOSITORY和TAG[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker save $(docker images | awk 'NR!=1{print $1":"$2}') -o all-tags.tar [root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ docker load < all-tags.tar [root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE alpine latest 042a816809aa 3 days ago 7.05MB rockylinux 9-minimal c50e7a3e6f7f 3 weeks ago 118MB ubuntu focal-20221130 d5447fc01ae6 5 weeks ago 72.8MB nginx latest 605c77e624dd 12 months ago 141MB hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 15 months ago 13.3kB #方法2:将所有镜像导入到一个文件中,此方法导入后可以看REPOSITORY和TAG[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker save $(docker image ls --format "{{.Repository}}:{{.Tag}}") -o all-tags.tar [root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ docker load < all-tags.tar [root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE alpine latest 042a816809aa 3 days ago 7.05MB rockylinux 9-minimal c50e7a3e6f7f 3 weeks ago 118MB ubuntu focal-20221130 d5447fc01ae6 5 weeks ago 72.8MB nginx latest 605c77e624dd 12 months ago 141MB hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 15 months ago 13.3kBdocker rmi 命令可以删除本地镜像
docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...] docker image rm [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...] #选项:-f, --force Force removal of the image --no-prune Do not delete untagged parents范例：
[root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE alpine latest 042a816809aa 3 days ago 7.05MB rockylinux 9-minimal c50e7a3e6f7f 3 weeks ago 118MB ubuntu focal-20221130 d5447fc01ae6 5 weeks ago 72.8MB nginx latest 605c77e624dd 12 months ago 141MB hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 15 months ago 13.3kB #删除镜像[root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ docker rmi ubuntu:focal-20221130 Untagged: ubuntu:focal-20221130 Deleted: sha256:d5447fc01ae62c20beffbfa50bc51b2797f9d7ebae031b8c2245b5be8ff1c75b Deleted: sha256:0002c93bdb3704dd9e36ce5153ef637f84de253015f3ee330468dccdeacad60b [root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE alpine latest 042a816809aa 3 days ago 7.05MB rockylinux 9-minimal c50e7a3e6f7f 3 weeks ago 118MB nginx latest 605c77e624dd 12 months ago 141MB hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 15 months ago 13.3kB强制删除正在使用的镜像，也会删除对应的容器
范例: 删除所有镜像
[root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ docker rmi $(docker images -q)docker tag 可以给镜像打标签，类似于起别名,但通常要遵守一定的命名规范,才可以上传到指定的仓库
docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG] #TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]格式一般形式仓库主机FQDN或IP[:端口]/项目名(或用户名)/image名字:版本TAG默认为latest
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker tag rockylinux:9-minimal harbor.yanlinux.org:80/k8s/rockylinux:9 [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE alpine latest 042a816809aa 3 days ago 7.05MB harbor.yanlinux.org:80/k8s/rockylinux 9 c50e7a3e6f7f 3 weeks ago 118MB rockylinux 9-minimal c50e7a3e6f7f 3 weeks ago 118MB ubuntu focal-20221130 d5447fc01ae6 5 weeks ago 72.8MB nginx latest 605c77e624dd 12 months ago 141MB hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 15 months ago 13.3kB #然后就可以将镜像传到仓库中[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker push harbor.yanlinux.org:80/k8s/rockylinux:9总结: 企业使用镜像及常见操作: 搜索、下载、导出、导入、删除
命令总结:
docker search centos #搜索镜像docker pull alpine #拉取镜像docker images #查看本地所有镜像docker save > /opt/centos.tar #导出镜像docker load -i /opt/centos.tar #导入本地镜像docker rmi 镜像ID/镜像名称 #删除指定ID的镜像，此镜像对应容器正启动镜像不能被删除，除非将容器全部关闭容器相关命令
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker container Usage: docker container COMMAND Manage containers Commands: attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container commit Create a new image from a container's changes cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem create Create a new container diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem exec Run a commandin a running container export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive inspect Display detailed information on one or more containers kill Kill one or more running containers logs Fetch the logs of a container ls List containers pause Pause all processes within one or more containers port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container prune Remove all stopped containers rename Rename a container restart Restart one or more containers rm Remove one or more containers run Run a command in a new container start Start one or more stopped containers stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics stop Stop one or more running containers top Display the running processes of a container unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers update Update configuration of one or more containers wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codesdocker run 可以启动容器，进入到容器，并随机生成容器ID和名称。docker run等价于docker pull + docker start
帮助: man docker run
命令格式:
docker run [选项] [镜像名] [shell命令] [参数] #选项:-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached，通常和-t一起使用 -t, --tty 分配pseudo-TTY，通常和-i一起使用,注意对应的容器必须运行shell才支持进入 -d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID,台后运行，默认前台 --name string Assign a name to the container --h, --hostname string Container host name --rm Automatically remove the container when it exits -p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host -P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports --dns list Set custom DNS servers --entrypoint string Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image --restart policy --privileged Give extended privileges to container -e, --env=[] Set environment variables --env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of environment variables–restart 可以指定四种不同的policy
注意: 容器启动后,如果容器内没有前台运行的进程,将自动退出停止
从容器内退出,并停止容器:
exit从容器内退出,且容器不停止:
ctrl+p+q范例：启动后台守护并指定运行容器的名字
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker run -d --name web01 nginx [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b0b9221c09a9 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 80/tcp web01范例: 一次性运行容器中命令
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker run alpine cat /etc/issue Welcome to Alpine Linux 3.17 Kernel \r on an \m (\l) [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker run alpine du -sh / 7.0M /范例: 运行交互式容器并退出
退出两种方式:
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exit 容器也停止
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按ctrl+p+q 容器不停止
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker run -it alpine sh / # lsbin etc lib mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home media opt root sbin sys usr / # cat /etc/issue Welcome to Alpine Linux 3.17 Kernel \r on an \m (\l) #查看容器是在运行[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bad7e7c5ef39 alpine "sh" 7 seconds ago Up 7 seconds angry_knuth #现在在容器中执行退出/ # exit#查看容器是否运行[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ##另外一种退出容器的方法##ctrl+p+q/ # [22:13:43 root@rocky8 ~]$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 2bae444f9796 alpine "sh" 51 seconds ago Up 51 seconds nifty_davinci #这种情况相当于临时从容器中出来，还可以利用以下命令进入进去[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker exec -it 2bae444f9796 sh / # 格式：
docker ps [OPTIONS] docker container ls [OPTIONS] 选项: -a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running) -q, --quiet Only display numeric IDs -s, --size Display total file sizes -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided -l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states) -n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states)(default -1)范例：
#显示正在运行的容器[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d5bc9651615e nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 80/tcp web02 3d9a0cbfa238 docs/docker.github.io:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4000->4000/tcp hardcore_curie #显示全部容器，包括退出状态的容器[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d5bc9651615e nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 80/tcp web02 69cb07c29477 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago web01 3d9a0cbfa238 docs/docker.github.io:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4000->4000/tcp hardcore_curie #只显示容器ID[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -aq d5bc9651615e 69cb07c29477 3d9a0cbfa238 #显示容器大小[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -s CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES SIZE d5bc9651615e nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 80/tcp web02 1.09kB (virtual 141MB) 3d9a0cbfa238 docs/docker.github.io:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4000->4000/tcp hardcore_curie 2B (virtual 1GB) #显示最新创建的容器root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -l CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d5bc9651615e nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 80/tcp web02范例：显示指定状态的容器
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -f "status=exited"CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 69cb07c29477 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago web01docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]范例：
root@rocky8 ~]$ docker top web02 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 2483 2468 0 12:42 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off; 101 2534 2483 0 12:42 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process 101 2535 2483 0 12:42 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker processdocker stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...] Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics Options: -a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running) --format string Pretty-print images using a Go template --no-stream Disable streaming stats and only pull the first result --no-trunc Do not truncate output范例：
root@rocky8 ~]$ docker stats web02 CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS d5bc9651615e web02 0.00% 3.434MiB / 1.748GiB 0.19% 1.01kB / 0B 410kB / 25.6kB 3范例：限制内存使用大小
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx128m" elasticsearch:7.6.2[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker statsCONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK PIDS 29282e91d773 elasti254.23310.5MiB / 1.924GiB 15.76% 766B / 0B 766kB /46kB 22docker inspect 可以查看docker各种对象的详细信息,包括:镜像,容器,网络等
docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...] Options: -f, --format string Format the output using the given Go template -s, --size Display total file sizes if the type is container范例：
root@rocky8 ~]$ docker inspect web02 [ { "Id": "d5bc9651615e461124d93651567548013db082229c7a0fbfe79ef211381c69e6", "Created": "2023-01-16T04:42:40.652945855Z", "Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh", "Args": [ "nginx", "-g", "daemon off;" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 2483, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2023-01-16T04:42:40.939507921Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:605c77e624ddb75e6110f997c58876baa13f8754486b461117934b24a9dc3a85", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d5bc9651615e461124d93651567548013db082229c7a0fbfe79ef211381c69e6/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d5bc9651615e461124d93651567548013db082229c7a0fbfe79ef211381c69e6/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d5bc9651615e461124d93651567548013db082229c7a0fbfe79ef211381c69e6/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d5bc9651615e461124d93651567548013db082229c7a0fbfe79ef211381c69e6/d5bc9651615e461124d93651567548013db082229c7a0fbfe79ef211381c69e6-json.log", "Name": "/web02", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Capabilities": null, "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0581b9be2f2d1496b4b64de5b11514bbac17c9d4a8790a6d43a9c1b8e45c129a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ac2a6764ef29d802f6d57c03311285e004854c1125392c571a54a0e51e7aa770/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/00498af85ccf1634977fabaa1e8bc0347de69aa93c9a498932291ef6cc66ad2d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e85525a30c0dc487cfe1bfed9931cc85994a3655f1194d5e357c9f52a29eb0c7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/616978347c6243ee5a035fb5dcd055a5bb72052fbc54e7da735babeef558d2aa/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6c5ffca8e721e566c9f03345b9bedc31db36328a5ec6a78c828d0b2ca4b21d89/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1dde0f444f04a43847d956a6cea24ce25fcc74c784086fe0f51ed17bb75e9ae8/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0581b9be2f2d1496b4b64de5b11514bbac17c9d4a8790a6d43a9c1b8e45c129a/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0581b9be2f2d1496b4b64de5b11514bbac17c9d4a8790a6d43a9c1b8e45c129a/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0581b9be2f2d1496b4b64de5b11514bbac17c9d4a8790a6d43a9c1b8e45c129a/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "d5bc9651615e", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "80/tcp": {} }, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "NGINX_VERSION=1.21.5", "NJS_VERSION=0.7.1", "PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye" ], "Cmd": [ "nginx", "-g", "daemon off;" ], "Image": "nginx", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": [ "/docker-entrypoint.sh" ], "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>" }, "StopSignal": "SIGQUIT" }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "83b75e77e1d7de17af47765c03f4c9e3aba0f93a615542e9e385fd97f29f961c", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": { "80/tcp": null }, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/83b75e77e1d7", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "374829f09a774a1e0fc90815b29ff6964bb417bb788ef2e0e1264b1db9312e91", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "745daa224c76c2091d6852549ffaaa346bae3a7a2128186e5bbf40cbddf416a3", "EndpointID": "374829f09a774a1e0fc90815b29ff6964bb417bb788ef2e0e1264b1db9312e91", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ]范例：选择性查看
root@rocky8 ~]$ docker inspect -f "{{.State.Status}}" web02 running root@rocky8 ~]$ docker inspect --format="{{.State.Status}}" web02 runningdocker rm 可以删除容器，即使容器正在运行当中，也可以被强制删除掉
docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] docker container rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] #选项:-f, --force Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL) -v, --volumes Remove the volumes associated with the container #删除停止的容器docker container prune [OPTIONS] Options: --filter filter Provide filter values (e.g. 'until=<timestamp>') -f, --force Do not prompt for confirmation范例：
root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ceb134349daf alpine "/bin/sh" 50 seconds ago Exited (0) 50 seconds ago sharp_swanson d5bc9651615e nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 25 minutes ago Up 25 minutes 80/tcp web02 69cb07c29477 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 25 minutes ago Exited (0) 25 minutes ago web01 3d9a0cbfa238 docs/docker.github.io:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 30 minutes ago Up 30 minutes 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4000->4000/tcp hardcore_curie #删除web01容器root@rocky8 ~]$ docker rm web01 web01 [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ceb134349daf alpine "/bin/sh" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago sharp_swanson d5bc9651615e nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 25 minutes ago Up 25 minutes 80/tcp web02 3d9a0cbfa238 docs/docker.github.io:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 31 minutes ago Up 31 minutes 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4000->4000/tcp hardcore_curie范例: 删除指定状态的容器
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker rm $(docker ps -qf status=exited) ceb134349daf [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d5bc9651615e nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 27 minutes ago Up 27 minutes 80/tcp web02 3d9a0cbfa238 docs/docker.github.io:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 32 minutes ago Up 32 minutes 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4000->4000/tcp hardcore_curiedocker start|stop|restart|pause|unpause 容器ID批量正常启动或关闭所有容器
docker start $(docker ps -a -q) docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e4af980c1bff nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 80/tcp web01 #停止容器[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker stop web01 [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e4af980c1bff nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 seconds ago web01 #启动nginx容器[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker start web01 web01 [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e4af980c1bff nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp web01 #重启nginx容器[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker restart web01 [10:05:45 root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e4af980c1bff nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 minutes ago Up 4 seconds 80/tcp web01范例: 启动并进入容器
root@rocky8 ~]$ docker run --name=rocky -it rockylinux:9-minimal bash bash-5.1# lsafs dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var bash-5.1# cat /etc/os-release NAME="Rocky Linux"VERSION="9.1 (Blue Onyx)"ID="rocky"ID_LIKE="rhel centos fedora"VERSION_ID="9.1"PLATFORM_ID="platform:el9"PRETTY_NAME="Rocky Linux 9.1 (Blue Onyx)"ANSI_COLOR="0;32"LOGO="fedora-logo-icon"CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:rocky:rocky:9::baseos"HOME_URL="https://rockylinux.org/"BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.rockylinux.org/"ROCKY_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Rocky-Linux-9"ROCKY_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="9.1"REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Rocky Linux"REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="9.1"bash-5.1# exitexit#启动并进入rocky容器[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker start -i rocky bash-5.1# cat etc/issue\S Kernel \r on an \m bash-5.1#范例: 暂停和恢复容器
#暂停web01容器[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker pause web01 [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 03357d030c20 rockylinux:9-minimal "bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago rocky e4af980c1bff nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 11 minutes ago Up 7 minutes (Paused) 80/tcp web01 #状态中加上了paused标志#恢复容器[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker unpause web01 web01 [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 03357d030c20 rockylinux:9-minimal "bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago rocky e4af980c1bff nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 12 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 80/tcp web01docker kill 可以给容器发信号,默认号SIGKILL,即9信号
docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] #选项:-s, --signal string Signal to send to the container (default "KILL")范例：
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker kill web01 web01 [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 03357d030c20 rockylinux:9-minimal "bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago rocky e4af980c1bff nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 15 minutes ago Exited (137) 1 second ago web01docker attach 容器名，attach 类似于vnc，操作会在同一个容器的多个会话界面同步显示，所有使用此方式进入容器的操作都是同步显示的，且使用exit退出后容器自动关闭，不推荐使用，需要进入到有shell环境的容器
格式:
docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER在运行中的容器启动新进程,可以执行单次命令，以及进入容器
测试环境使用此方式，使用exit退出,但容器还在运行，此为推荐方式
格式:
docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...] 常用选项: -d, --detach Detached mode: run commandin the background -e, --env list Set environment variables -i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached -t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY #常见用法docker exec -it 容器ID sh|bash范例：
#执行一次性命令[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker exec rocky cat /etc/redhat-release Rocky Linux release 9.1 (Blue Onyx) #进入容器，执行命令，exit退出容器不停止[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker exec -it rocky bash bash-5.1# cat /etc/redhat-release Rocky Linux release 9.1 (Blue Onyx)容器启动后,默认处于预定义的NAT网络中,所以外部网络的主机无法直接访问容器中网络服务
docker run -P 可以将事先容器预定义的所有端口映射宿主机的网卡的随机端口，默认从32768开始
使用随机端口 时,当停止容器后再启动可能会导致端口发生变化
-P , --publish-all= true | false默认为false#示例:docker run -P docker.io/nginx #映射容器所有暴露端口至随机本地端口[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker run -d --name web01 -P nginx [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 46b790b7393a nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp web01docker port 可以查看容器的端口映射关系
docker port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]][root@rocky8 ~]$ docker port web01 80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768端口映射的本质就是利用NAT技术实现的
docker run -p 可以将容器的预定义的指定端口映射到宿主机的相应端口
注意: 多个容器映射到宿主机的端口不能冲突，但容器内使用的端口可以相同
方式1: 容器80端口映射宿主机本地随机端口
docker run -p 80 --name nginx-test-port1 nginx方式2: 容器80端口映射到宿主机本地端口81
docker run -p 81:80 --name nginx-test-port2 nginx方式3: 宿主机本地IP:宿主机本地端口:容器端口
docker run -p 10.0.0.100:82:80 --name nginx-test-port3 docker.io/nginx方式4: 宿主机本地IP:宿主机本地随机端口:容器端口，默认从32768开始
docker run -p 10.0.0.100::80 --name nginx-test-port4 docker.io/nginx方式5: 宿主机本机ip:宿主机本地端口:容器端口/协议，默认为tcp协议
docker run -p 10.0.0.100:83:80/udp --name nginx-test-port5 docker.io/nginx方式6: 一次性映射多个端口+协议
docker run -p 8080:80/tcp -p 8443:443/tcp -p 53:53/udp --name nginx-test-port6 nginx范例:
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name web02 nginx 846ca3aa883687906cbc14884d2fc2c89d47884a1f3236c3f73bab628f18a121 [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 846ca3aa8836 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp web02 46b790b7393a nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 20 minutes ago Up 20 minutes 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp web01 [root@rocky8 ~]$ ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 *:32768 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:8080 *:*实战案例: 修改已经创建的容器的端口映射关系
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker run -d -p 80:80 --name nginx01 nginxdc5d7c1029e582a3e05890fd18565367482232c151bba09ca27e195d39dbcc24 [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker port nginx0180/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80 [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#lsof -i:80COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME docker-pr 2364 root 4u IPv6 35929 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#ls/var/lib/docker/containers/dc5d7c1029e582a3e05890fd18565367482232c151bba09ca27e195d39dbcc24/ checkpoints hostconfig.json mounts config.v2.json hostname resolv.conf dc5d7c1029e582a3e05890fd18565367482232c151bba09ca27e195d39dbcc24-json.log hosts resolv.conf.hash [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#systemctl stop docker[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#vim/var/lib/docker/containers/dc5d7c1029e582a3e05890fd18565367482232c151bba09ca27e195d39dbcc24/hostconfig.json "PortBindings":{"80/tcp":[{"HostIp":"","HostPort":"80"}]} #PortBindings后80/tcp对应的是容器内部的80端口，HostPort对应的是映射到宿主机的端口80 修改此处为8000[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#systemctl start docker[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker start nginx01[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker port nginx0180/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8000范例：实现wordpress应用
#部署mysql[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker run -d -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -e MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress -e MYSQL_USER=wordpress -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql mysql:8.0.31-oracle #下载wordpress[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker run -d -p 80:80 --name wordpress wordpress:php7.4-apachedocker logs 可以查看容器中运行的进程在控制台输出的日志信息
docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER 选项: --details Show extra details provided to logs -f, --follow Follow log output --since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes) --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all") -t, --timestamps Show timestamps --until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)范例：
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker logs wordpress WordPress not found in /var/www/html - copying now... Complete! WordPress has been successfully copied to /var/www/html AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message [Tue Jan 17 04:10:22.767095 2023] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 1] AH00163: Apache/2.4.51 (Debian) PHP/7.4.26 configured -- resuming normal operations ......容器需要有一个前台运行的进程才能保持容器的运行，通过传递运行参数是一种方式，另外也可以在构
建镜像的时候指定容器启动时运行的前台命令
容器里的PID为1的守护进程的实现方式
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服务类: 如: Nginx，Tomcat，Apache ，但服务不能停
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命令类: 如: tail -f /etc/hosts ，主要用于测试环境，注意: 不要tail -f <服务访问日志> 会产生不必要的磁盘IO
范例：
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker run --name rocky rockylinux:9-minimal cat /etc/os-release NAME="Rocky Linux"VERSION="9.1 (Blue Onyx)"ID="rocky"ID_LIKE="rhel centos fedora"VERSION_ID="9.1"PLATFORM_ID="platform:el9"PRETTY_NAME="Rocky Linux 9.1 (Blue Onyx)"ANSI_COLOR="0;32"LOGO="fedora-logo-icon"CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:rocky:rocky:9::baseos"HOME_URL="https://rockylinux.org/"BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.rockylinux.org/"ROCKY_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Rocky-Linux-9"ROCKY_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="9.1"REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Rocky Linux"REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="9.1"docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|- docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH Options: -a, --archive Archive mode (copy all uid/gid information) -L, --follow-link Always follow symbol linkin SRC_PATH范例：
[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker run -itd --rm alpine #将宿主机文件复制到容器中[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker cp /etc/hosts 2b91caf6ba44:/ [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker exec -it 2b91caf6ba44 sh / # cat hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 #将容器内的文件复制到宿主机[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker cp 2b91caf6ba44:/bin/busybox /usr/local/bin/ [root@rocky8 ~]$ ls /usr/local/bin/ busyboxDocker的镜像制作分为手动制作（基于容器）和自动制作(基于DockerFile)，企业通常都是基于Dockerfile制作镜像
docker commit #通过修改现有容器,将之手动构建为镜像docker build #通过Dockerfile文件,批量构建为镜像docker commit 格式
docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] #选项-a, --author string Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>") -c, --change list Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image -m, --message string Commit message -p, --pause Pause container during commit (default true) #说明:制作镜像和CONTAINER状态无关,停止状态也可以制作镜像 如果没有指定[REPOSITORY[:TAG]],REPOSITORY和TAG都为<none> 提交的时候标记TAG号: 生产当中常用，后期可以根据TAG标记创建不同版本的镜像以及创建不同版本的容器基于容器手动制作镜像步骤具体如下:
-
下载一个系统的官方基础镜像，如: CentOS 或 Ubuntu
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基于基础镜像启动一个容器,并进入到容器
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在容器里面做配置操作
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安装基础命令
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配置运行环境
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安装服务和配置服务
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放业务程序代码
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提交为一个新镜像 docker commit
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基于自己的镜像创建容器并测试访问
#运行容器[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker run -it rockylinux:9-minimal sh #安装基础包[root@c85d96e2158a ~]# yum -y install bash-completion psmisc tree vim lsof iproute git net-tools#创建组和用户[root@c85d96e2158a ~]# groupadd -g 88 www[root@c85d96e2158a ~]# useradd -g www -u 88 -r -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /home/www www[root@c85d96e2158a ~]# id wwwuid=88(www) gid=88(www) groups=88(www) #清楚yum缓存，减少制作的镜像的大小[root@rocky8 ~]$ docker commit rocky9 rockylinux:v8.5-2023-01-17 sha256:1af952b962d9501a4249c69132baa733e384933c6db76d0794a40998c38af588 [root@rocky8 ~]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE rockylinux v8.5-2023-01-17 1af952b962d9 3 seconds ago 327MBDockerfile 是一个有特定语法格式的文本文件
帮助: man 5 dockerfile
Dockerfile 文件说明
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每一行以Dockerfile的指令开头，指令不区分大小写，但是惯例使用大写
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使用 # 开始作为注释
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每一行只支持一条指令，每条指令可以携带多个参数
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指令按文件的顺序从上至下进行执行
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每个指令的执行会生成一个新的镜像层，为了减少分层和镜像大小，尽可能将多条指令合并成一条指令
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制作镜像一般可能需要反复多次，每次执行dockfile都按顺序执行，从头开始，已经执行过的指令已经缓存，不需要再执行，如果后续有一行新的指令没执行过，其往后的指令将会重新执行，所以为加速镜像制作，将最常变化的内容放下dockerfile的文件的后面
dockerfile 文件中的常见指令:
ADD COPY ENV EXPOSE FROM LABEL STOPSIGNAL USER VOLUME WORKDIR原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_52437323/article/details/129291451?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522168994674516800222842391%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334.pc%255Fblog.%2522%257D&request_id=168994674516800222842391&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~blog~first_rank_ecpm_v1~times_rank-5-129291451-null-null.268%5Ev1%5Ekoosearch&utm_term=docker%E3%80%81wordpress%E3%80%81wordpress%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%99%E3%80%81wordpress%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E3%80%81%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E3%80%81
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